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71.
Delf-Magnus Kummerfeld Carsten A. Raabe Juergen Brosius Dingding Mo Boris V. Skryabin Timofey S. Rozhdestvensky 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(7)
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurogenetic multifactorial disorder caused by the deletion or inactivation of paternally imprinted genes on human chromosome 15q11-q13. The affected homologous locus is on mouse chromosome 7C. The positional conservation and organization of genes including the imprinting pattern between mice and men implies similar physiological functions of this locus. Therefore, considerable efforts to recreate the pathogenesis of PWS have been accomplished in mouse models. We provide a summary of different mouse models that were generated for the analysis of PWS and discuss their impact on our current understanding of corresponding genes, their putative functions and the pathogenesis of PWS. Murine models of PWS unveiled the contribution of each affected gene to this multi-facetted disease, and also enabled the establishment of the minimal critical genomic region (PWScr) responsible for core symptoms, highlighting the importance of non-protein coding genes in the PWS locus. Although the underlying disease-causing mechanisms of PWS remain widely unresolved and existing mouse models do not fully capture the entire spectrum of the human PWS disorder, continuous improvements of genetically engineered mouse models have proven to be very powerful and valuable tools in PWS research. 相似文献
72.
73.
A shale gas gathering and transportation pipeline in a good block in Sichuan Province started leaking after less than a year of operation. To investigate the causes of corrosion of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the corrosion and perforation of the shale gas surface pipeline in conjunction with bacterial corrosion simulation experiments. The results showed that the pipeline material (L360N) conformed to the requirements of the American Petroleum Institute 5 L standard and that extracellular polymeric substances were present in the corrosion pits. The corrosion products mainly included FeCO3, FeS, CaCO3, MgCO3, and Fe mineralization. At 40°C, the uniform corrosion rate of L360N in the simulation experiment was 0.234 mm/a, and the local corrosion rate was 0.458 mm/a. SRB, saprophytes, and iron bacteria were detected in the on-site water medium and corrosion products, indicating that the main causes of shale gas pipeline corrosion are bacterial and CO2 corrosion. 相似文献
74.
75.
The pressure drop prediction of wet gas across single-orifice plate in horizontal pipes had been solved satisfactorily under an annular-mist flow in the upstream of orifice plates. However, this pressure drop prediction is still not clearly determined when the upstream is in an intermittent flow or stratified flow, which is corresponding to a region of low FrG (gas phase Froude number) in the flow pattern map of wet gases. In this study, the wet gas pressure drop across a single-orifice plate was experimentally investigated in the low FrG region. By the experiment, the flow pattern transition in the downstream of single-orifice plates, as well as the effects of FrG and FrL (liquid phase Froude number) on ΦG (gas phase multiplier), were determined and compared when the upstream is in the flow pattern transition and the stratified flow region, respectively. Prediction performances were examined on the available pressure drop models. It was found that no model could be capable of jointly predicting the wet gas pressure drop in the low FrG region with an acceptable accuracy. With a new method of correlating FrG and FrL simultaneously, new correlations were proposed for the low FrG region. Among which the modified Chisholm model shows the best prediction accuracies, with the prediction deviations of ΦG being within 7% and 3% when the upstream is in flow pattern transition and stratified flow region, respectively. 相似文献
76.
Tamara Schad Natalie Preisig Wiebke Drenckhan Cosima Stubenrauch 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2022,25(3):377-385
Liquid foams of intermediate stability have been shown to be very efficient in the cleaning of sensitive surfaces because of the synergy between imbibition and foam decay. While we quantified these mechanisms for contaminations with liquid oils in our previous work, we show here their extension to oils containing soot particles in an effort to simulate increasingly realistic contaminations. Using foams with a wide range of liquid fractions and with different stabilities, we show that the main cleaning mechanisms remain very similar, with the oil entraining the soot particles. However, we find much less efficient soot removal when the liquid channels of the foams are small enough to hinder efficient transport of the soot particles. 相似文献
77.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(13):18925-18932
The dielectric properties of a novel polymer dielectric material were investigated. The conductive phase of RuO2 was synthesized for deposition on the surface of a nanosized BaTiO3 (nBT). The RuO2@nBT hybrid particles were incorporated into a poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as a three-phase composite (RuO2@nBT/PVDF). The obtained dielectric constant (ε′) was significantly high (3837.16) for the composite with a volume fraction of = 0.50. The large interfacial polarization between the RuO2?nBT and RuO2?PVDF interfaces considerably increased the value of ε′. Therefore, interfacial polarization is a critical factor in improving the dielectric properties. The dielectric behavior of the RuO2@nBT/PVDF composites can be described using the effective medium percolation theory model, which indicates the significant contributions of the conductive RuO2 phase and high-permittivity nBT phase. 相似文献
78.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(15):21483-21491
To battle the high open-circuit voltage deficit (VOC,def) in kesterite (Cu2ZnSnS4 or CZTS) solar cells, a current field of research relates to point defect engineering by cation substitution. For example, by partly replacing Cu with an element of a larger ionic radius, such as Ag, the degree of Cu/Zn disorder decreases, and likewise does the associated band tailing. In this paper, solution-processed (Ag1-xCux)2ZnSnS4 (ACZTS) samples are prepared through the aprotic molecular ink approach using DMSO as the solvent. The successful incorporation of silver into the CZTS lattice is demonstrated with relatively high silver concentrations, namely Ag/(Ag+Cu) ratios of 13% and 26%. The best device was made with 13% Ag/(Ag+Cu) and had an efficiency of 4.9%. The samples are compared to the pure CZTS sample in terms of microstructure, phase distribution, photoluminescence, and device performance. In the XRD patterns, a decrease in the lattice parameter c/a ratio is observed for ACZTS, as well as significant peak splitting with Ag addition for several of the characteristic kesterite XRD reflections. In addition to the improvement in efficiency, other advantageous effects of Ag-incorporation include enhanced grain growth and an increased band gap. A too high concentration of Ag leads to the formation of secondary phases such as SnS and Ag2S as detected by XRD. 相似文献
79.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(18):26206-26216
Mixed oxide (MO) with localized growth feature and high growth rate remarkably affects the lifetime of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), which indicates that clarifying the ceramic cracking mechanism induced by MO is critical for developing new coatings with high durability. Two kinds of TBC models involving spherical and layered mixed oxides are created to explore the influence of MO growth on the local stress state and crack evolution during thermal cycle. The growth of α-Al2O3 is also included in the model. The undulating interface between ceramic coat and bond coat is approximated using a cosine curve. Dynamic ceramic cracking is realized by a surface-based cohesive interaction. The ceramic delamination by simulation agrees with the experimental observation. The effects of MO coverage ratio and growth rate on the TBC failure are also discussed. The results show that the MO growth causes the local ceramic coat to bear the normal tensile stress. The failure mode of coating is turned from α-Al2O3 thickness control to MO growth control. Once the mixed oxide appears, local ceramic cracking is easy to occur. When multiple cracks connect, ceramic delamination happens. Suppressing MO formation or decreasing MO growth can evidently improve the coating durability. These results in this work can provide important theoretical guidance for the development of anti-cracking TBCs. 相似文献
80.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(2):1451-1483
Metal/ceramic composites are in high demand in several industries because of their superior thermo-mechanical properties. Among various composite types, the interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs) with percolating metallic and ceramic phases offer manifold benefits, such as a good combination of strength, toughness, and stiffness, very good thermal properties, excellent wear resistance, as well as the flexibility of microstructure and processing route selection, etc. The fabrication of metal/ceramic IPCs typically involves two steps - i) processing of an open porous ceramic body, and ii) infiltration of metallic melt in the pores to fabricate the IPC. Although significant progress has been made in recent years for developing both porous ceramics and melt infiltration methods, to the best of the knowledge of the authors, no review article summarizing all the aspects of processing and properties of IPCs has been published till date. This review article is aimed at filling this gap. Starting with a brief introduction about the current status and applications of IPCs, the various processing routes for fabricating open porous ceramic preforms and melt infiltration techniques have been discussed. Subsequently, the data available for various important physical, mechanical, and thermal properties for IPCs have been critically analyzed to thoroughly understand their dependence on various structural and processing parameters. To compare the properties of IPCs with other relevant materials, seven different Ashby material property maps have been used, and the domains for IPCs have been created in them. For each map, the concept of material indices has been employed to critically discuss how IPCs perform in relation to other material classes for various optimum design conditions. Finally, a detailed future outlook for further research on IPCs has been provided. 相似文献